Make the right choice

 Make the right choice 

1.Geysers have sometimes been compared to volcanoes __________ they both emit hot liquids from below Earth’s surface. 

1. despite 
2. because 
3. in regard to 
4. as a result of 

2.During the early period of ocean navigation, __________ any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. 

A. so that hardly 

B. when there hardly was 

C. hardly was 

D. there was hardly 

3. Refrigerating meats ________ the spread of bacteria. 

1. slows 
2. slowing 
3. to slow 
4. is slowed 

4. The fact ________ credit cards are widely available has made them a popular form of payment. 

A. of 

B. that 

C. is that 

D. which is 

5. The Constitution gave the legislative branch of government ________ to pass laws. 

1. A. the power 
2. B. has the power 
3. C. the power is 
4. D. of the power 

Reading comprehension 

Read the text and choose the right answer (տողերը համարակալված են, որովհետև որոշ հարցեր ըստ տողերիհամարների են տրված) 

1. The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the 
2. Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest 
3. and northernmost state in the United States, ending at 
4. a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from 
5. where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely 
6. complicated to operate. 
7. The steel pipe crosses windswept 
8. plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops 
9. the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, 
10. climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, 
11. makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or 
12. under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in 
13. diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million 
14. gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. 
15. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long 
16. sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high 
17. above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of 
18. sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the 
19. surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and- 
20. down route is determined by the often harsh demands 
21. of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of 
22. the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or 
23. permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more 
24. than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. 
25. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, 
26. depending largely upon the type of terrain and the 
27. properties of the soil. 
28. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost 
29. approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest 
30. and most expensive construction project ever 
31. undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single 
32. business could raise that much money, so eight major oil 
33. companies formed a consortium in order to share 
34. the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to 
35. particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid 
36. into the pipeline-construction fund according to the 
37. size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous 
38. problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment 
39. breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous 
40. terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and 
41. even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed 
42. and is operating. 
43. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline’s 
    1. A. operating costs 
    2. B. employees 
    3. C. consumers 
    4. D. construction 
44. The word “it” in line 5 refers to the 
    1. A. pipeline 
    2. B. ocean 
    3. C. state 
    4. D. village 
45. According to the second paragraph, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each 
    1. A. day 
    2. B. week 
    3. C. month 
    4. D. year 
46. The phrase “Resting on” in line 15 is closest in meaning to 
    1. A. Consisting of 
    2. B. Supported by 
    3. C. Passing under 
    4. D. Protected with 
47. The author mentions all of the following in the third paragraph as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXCEPT the 
    1. A. climate 
    2. B. lay of the land itself 
    3. C. local vegetation 
    4. D. kind of soil and rock 
48. The word “undertaken” in line 31 is closest in meaning to 
    1. A. removed 
    2. B. selected 
    3. C. transported 
    4. D. attempted 
49. According to the last paragraph, how many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline? 
    1. A. three 
    2. B. four 
    3. C. eight 
    4. D. twelve 
50. The word “particular” in line 35 is closest in meaning to 
    1. A. peculiar 
    2. B. specific 
    3. C. exceptional 
    4. D. equal 
51. According to the last paragraph, which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay? 
    1. A. How much oil field land each company owned 
    2. B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields 
    3. C. How many people worked for each company 
    4. D. How many oil wells were located on the company’s land 
52. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for a layer of soil that always remains frozen? 
    1. A. Line 4 
    2. B. Line 15 
    3. C. Line 23 
    4. D. Line 37